Author: emily

  • Heritage Spotlight: Connections

    Heritage Spotlight: Connections

    Guest Post from Prof Adam Cumming

    Prof Cumming has worked as a research scientist for over 40 years in the defence field. He is an Honorary Professor in the University of Edinburgh School of Chemistry.

    He has a life-long interest in church architecture and history, particularly Scottish, and this led him to become a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland as well as to membership of other related organisations.  He became firstly a supporter and then a Trustee of Scotland’s Churches’ Trust before becoming its Chair in October 2022.  This led to his becoming a Trustee of the Scottish Pilgrim Routes Forum. He has lectured on Scottish church architecture to several groups. His work involvements allowed him to visit many churches across Europe and has observed similarities in approach and architecture.

    Interest in music is reflected in his support for both the Scottish Chamber Orchestra and the Royal Scottish National Orchestra. 

    My lifetime interest in churches developed from architecture but grew to include other things such as history, music etc, and how they fit into all parts of life. Churches do not exist in isolation. They reflect the culture and its changes and are part of the community and the nation. In many ways they are interconnected and are hosts for the memory of the people. That means that learning about one building should lead to others so you can see how they are linked!  So many sites and places in Scotland need that recognition as they are a part of the whole. They are individual but connected and not just across Scotland.

    I have been constantly delighted as I discover more; the churches in Scotland reflect our history and culture and while related to those elsewhere they are distinct.  There is common ground but that is limited. In many ways their development is closer to that in other parts of Northern Europe and separate from England. That needs both understanding and publicity, with examples.

    All that is why I am involved in both Scotland’s Churches Trust and the Scottish Pilgrim Routes Forum. It is a way of telling people about what we have and the connections.  It is also why I joined Soc Ant and have given talks on the area.

    One area of importance across Europe is pilgrimage – moving thoughtfully through the land and the history usually with church buildings as a focus.  It was important in Scotland, with Whithorn, Glasgow and Dunfermline amongst the sites.  It is another part of the culture and heritage.

    Pilgrimage was recognised as important by SCT and the need for a unified approach produced SPRF which coordinates an overall approach and certifies routes after assessment. It encourages visits and arranges places to stop with champing and open churches.  SPRF like SCT stresses awareness of heritage, the history of the routes and their reasons for existing both now and in the past. I find when you learn how connected things are understanding can grow.

    As routes old and new are developed there are other activities such as the creation of a Fife Pilgrim Route pastor, and links with other similar bodies across Europe. We can support and learn from each other, and it illustrates the connections with Europe!

    Ruins form part of this connectedness for they link to living buildings whose contents enrich the pilgrimage and the sense of cultural heritage.  They should form part of the network together with the intact buildings. There are always things to discover and new insights, or so I find.


    Our thanks to Adam Cumming for sharing his reflections in this post and at our launch event

  • ReACH Autumn Update

    ReACH Autumn Update

    As we move further into the autumn months, the ReACH team has been continuing to build momentum across our research strands. As well as making progress on our data collection, the past few weeks have also offered valuable opportunities to connect with others working in church heritage across the UK.  

    Reflections from the V&A’s Great Expectations Conference 

    Earlier this month, Lizzie attended the V&A’s Great Expectations: Working with Historic Places of Worship conference in London, with Emily and Helen joining the event online. The day brought together a broad range of voices, from heritage professionals, people working within faith communities, and even some familiar public figures like Hugh Dennis and Rob Rinder, who all reflected on the challenges and opportunities facing historic churches today.  

    Much of the discussion echoed themes at the heart of ReACH, including the necessity to understand churches as not only architectural landmarks, but also as places which are layered with memory, meaning and community identity. Many of the speakers shared personal stories and lived experiences which have shaped their connections to these buildings, emphasising that communities lie central to conversations about their future.  

    It was encouraging to see an alignment with our project aims, and to situate Scotland’s challenges within this wider UK context.  

    Sharing ReACH at the Historic Religious Buildings Alliance 

    Following on from her attendance at the V&A event, Lizzie also recently spoke at the Historic Religious Buildings Alliance (HRBA), which introduced the project to a new audience of practitioners, researchers and heritage professionals. The session also generated valuable contacts and potential collaborators, which we look forward to developing as the project progresses.  

    Progress on Data Collection  

    Our data collection work continues steadily, and we are currently gathering and consolidating information from national heritage records, archival surveys and church inventories, specialist databases and existing reports (such as those generated by Scotland’s Churches Trust Church Recording Project) and academic research.  

    This process is helping us to map both the existing knowledge base, as well as the gaps that still need to be explored. This is a critical stage as we begin to shape the structure of our database, which will be publicly accessible and will bring together tangible and intangible heritage information in a single, open resource.  

    We have also begun engaging with organisations and individuals across the sector to explore data-sharing collaborations. Many people have undertaken excellent recording work in specific areas of church heritage and we aim to bring these efforts together, in order to strengthen the overall picture.  

    Preparing Our Next Pilot Study 

    Alongside this work, we are now organising our next pilot study, which will help us to refine our fieldwork approach and test elements of both the heritage recording methodology and our social value surveys. These pilot stages are an important part of ensuring our processes are robust, scalable and useful for the range of communities and buildings that we will be working with across Scotland.  

    photograph of clipboard with project logo in front of Old High Kirk

    Looking Ahead 

    In the months ahead, we will be continuing our fieldwork, expanding our data collection and developing the structure of the database. Updates will continue to be shared here on our website, as well as across our social media channels.  

    We’re also pleased to share that our first Heritage Action Group meeting will take place in January – date to be confirmed. This session will focus on early findings, opportunities for collaboration and ways that the group can help shape the development of the ReACH database and fieldwork priorities.  

    Full details and registration will be circulated shortly. 

    If you are working on Scotland’s church heritage and would like to connect with us – or if you have existing data that you’d be able to share – we would be delighted to hear from you! 

    Be sure to sign up to our Heritage Action Group Mailing List if your work touches upon church buildings, their contents, or their social and cultural value, and you’d like to be a part of our growing network.

  • Our Inverness Church Fieldwork Journey

    Our Inverness Church Fieldwork Journey

    In late September, the Research in Action on Church Heritage (ReACH)  team travelled north to Inverness, combining a visit to the Highland Archaeology Festival Conference with an opportunity to explore historic churches and meet the people who care for them. Across visits to Old High Church, East Church Inverness, Kirkmichael and East Church Cromarty, we encountered different approaches to preserving and reimagining Scotland’s church heritage: from community ownership and Gaelic culture to long-term conservation and interpretation. 

    Old High Church, Inverness 

    Our first stop was Old High Church, one of the city’s most recognisable landmarks which overlooks the River Ness. The site itself has a long history and is believed to be where St Columba converted King Brude of the Picts in 565AD. It has had a constant visual and spiritual presence, as well as associations with the Jacobite Rising with the clock tower acting as prison for Jacobite prisoners. Now, the churchyard welcomes fans of the Outlander book series and TV show, bringing the site to a whole new audience.  

    We were warmly welcomed by Chris, member of the community board who recently have purchased the church. Chris generously gave his time to show us around the church and share the story of the building’s recent move into community ownership and providing valuable connections amongst the local community – as well as where to find the best bowl of soup after a cold autumn morning. Inside, we were able to explore the historic interiors, photographing architectural details, including the stained glass, memorials and even the graffiti on pews. Exploring the church in this way gave us a real sense of how the space has evolved through use and repair. 

    From the pulpit and pews to the marble flooring and stained glass, the church offered an intricate record of its congregation’s history and craftsmanship. We poked into the nooks and crannies and looked closely at the layers of the building’s fabric, spotting phases of building work on the exterior walls.  

    Our visit also included conversations with local business owners and community members, who spoke about the value of the church to Inverness’s identity. Many shared personal memories of services, concerts, or simply the familiarity of seeing the spire rising over the city. Each conversation and reflection highlighted how deeply embedded Old High is in local life, not only as a historic religious site but as part of the city’s collective story. 

    Brief chats with visitors and tourists in the graveyard revealed the multiple ways people connect to such a place, from its Jacobite history and links to Outlander, to interests in graveyards or the quiet appeal of a peaceful green space in the city centre. These encounters demonstrated how church heritage continues to attract and inspire visitors for many different reasons. 

    East Church, Inverness 

    The following day we visited East Church, where we were welcomed by Murto who kindly gave us access and a guided tour whilst construction work is still underway. It was fascinating to see the space mid-transformation, with the scaffolding in place and the plans beginning to take shape. 

    The project to redevelop East Church as a Gaelic culture centre is inspiring. Its vision is to create a living hub for Gaelic language, music and community led by Culturlann Inbhir Nis.  

    Whilst this new use of the building requires the transformation of the space, it still maintains a deep respect for the building’s architectural and spiritual heritage, which previously led service in Gaelic. The plans are clearly well thought through and balance new uses with the conservation of historic features and once completed it will serve as a core for an active Gaelic community. Walking through the church with Murto, we could easily imagine the life that will return to the building: with Gaelic Pslam singing, conversations and events. It’s a powerful example of how heritage spaces can be adapted to sustain both cultural continuity and community relevance. 

    Kirkmichael, Dingwall

    From Inverness, we travelled across the Black Isle to Kirkmichael, where we were warmly welcomed by Jim Mackay of the Kirkmichael Trust. Jim went out of his way to meet us, show us around and even invited us for a cup of tea. 

    Listening to Jim talk about the Trust’s long-term work was deeply inspiring. His detailed knowledge of the church’s restoration and conservation, from structural repairs to interpretive design, reflects years of dedication. It was fascinating to hear how the church has changed over time and how it continues to be actively maintained, cared for and visited by tourists and locals. It was clear that the volunteers have taken time to research the history of each grave marker, learning techniques on how best to conserve the different types of stone, and how to enhance visitors experience to the site. With calm blue skies for our visit, we were able to experience the peace and tranquillity of the site for ourselves and understand why some have developed such an attachment to this place.  

    East Church, Cromarty 

    Our final stop was the East Church in Cromarty, a striking building with a rich layered history. The church is in the ownership of Historic Churches Scotland and was featured on BBC’s ‘Restoration Village’ in 2006. In 2007, it won a grant from the National Lottery Heritage Fund which has helped to preserve the building, as well as develop interpretation for those visiting the church. 

    Interpretation panels guide visitors through the story of the church, its architecture and the people who shaped it. The presentation blends historical narrative with visual details, drawing out characteristics such as beautifully painted pew panels. 

    The East Church stands as an example of how interpretation can bring heritage to life and help guide visitor to key areas of interest.  

    Reflections 

    Our Inverness and Black Isle fieldwork offered us a vivid picture of church heritage in transition: from buildings seeking new uses to communities rediscovering old ones. Each site told its own story and spoke to us in different ways. 

    We left with hundreds of photographs, field notes, and, most importantly, a sense of gratitude for the generosity of everyone who shared their time and insights with us. Special thanks to Chris and Maureen at Old High, Murto at East Church Inverness, and Jim at Kirkmichael, for your openness and hospitality. 

    We’re excited to bring our learning from these field visits to the project and apply them as we move forward in our data collection and case studies.  


    Blog post written by Emily Johnston

  • Heritage Spotlight: Postwar Churches of Scotland: Concrete, Community and Change

    Heritage Spotlight: Postwar Churches of Scotland: Concrete, Community and Change

    Guest Post from Matthew Dransfield.

    Matthew Dransfield, under the name @BrutalBasil, documents post-war modernist and brutalist architecture, from churches and swimming pools to pubs and housing schemes. He is passionate about photographing buildings before they are gone. His book Modernist Churches of Scotland was produced in partnership with The Modernist Society. His work has been published widely, including in The Guardian.

    Churches are more than concrete, brick and glass and none more so than those created in postwar Scotland. In a relatively short span of time, Modernist architecture blossomed in ecclesiastical buildings across the Central Belt and beyond.

    Take St Bride’s in East Kilbride: a gigantic red-brick fortress with barely a window. Or, in sharp contrast, the crisp white curves of Craigsbank Parish Church, which once had its own moat and can feel almost Mediterranean when the sun shines. I was told many of these churches were built without windows, cheaper to construct, and less chance of smashed glass.

    The postwar housing boom drove this surge. As people left inner-city slums for spacious new suburbs, churches were needed to serve these communities. At no time before or since in Britain have so many been built so quickly. More than buildings, they are expressions of a historical moment, often hidden within council estates / housing schemes, visible only to those who live nearby.

    As I explored them, I discovered both variety and daring. From the early 1950’s through the early 1960s, Scotland produced groundbreaking ecclesiastical architecture. It was a perfect storm: scarce materials, little standard guidance, small budgets, and an urgent demand. Architects were given space to experiment, and experiment they did.

    St Andrew’s Catholic Church in Livingston is one striking result. Sitting high on its site, its swirling concrete form and angled roof recall Le Corbusier. In Glenrothes, St Paul’s Roman Catholic Church – now Category A listed, was the first major break from the traditional rectangular layout. Designed by Isi Metzstein and Andy MacMillan of Gillespie, Kidd & Coia, it pairs white concrete with jewel-like stained glass. This was their first church, and it set a radical new tone.

    What is remarkable is not uniformity but diversity. Architects were encouraged to be bold, and their designs reflect the optimism, urgency, and sometimes desperation of the era. Churches had to be built fast, cheaply, and with modern flair.

    Not everyone approved. One priest joked that when he reached the afterlife, he wanted a word with his architect: “They used rubbish materials. And Scotland is no place for flat roofs.” His frustration was understandable. Many churches were built under pressure, with steel shortages, experimental construction, and flat roofs that leaked in the Scottish rain. Some materials have aged badly, but that too is part of their story.

    Today, half a century on, these churches face new challenges. Declining congregations mean closures, mergers, even demolition. Many lie abandoned or in poor repair, with little statutory protection and patchy listing. Concrete is rarely seen as nostalgic, and these buildings are not always loved.

    Yet they remain beautiful in their own way. They capture a society in transition: communities moving from tenements into new estates, forging new identities in rapidly changing landscapes. The architecture reflects that turbulence and aspiration. For me, there is an urgent need to document them, to photograph them, and to argue for their reuse where possible.

    Some dismiss Brutalism as ugly. I’d say: look again. These churches are cultural responses, symbols of optimism, change and faith in a new era.


    Our thanks to Matt for sharing his reflections on our blog and at our launch symposium. You can find him on Instagram at @brutalbasil

  • Launch Symposium: Research in Action on Church Heritage 

    Launch Symposium: Research in Action on Church Heritage 

    In September, we were delighted to welcome around 80 attendees both in person and online to the launch symposium for Research in Action on Church Heritage. It was a fantastic afternoon of talks, discussion and connection, and a wonderful way to share this project.  

    Exploring Churches Through Objects and Stories 

    The symposium opened with a series of 20 lightning talks, each offering a snapshot of material culture from Scotland’s churches. From fonts to heraldry, stained glass to covenant banners, each of our expert speakers showed how the physical fabric of a church can give us insights into the history of a congregation and community.  

    In the second part of the afternoon, Lizzie hosted a roundtable discussion with Craig Stanford (HES), Victoria Collison-Owen (Historic Churches Scotland) and Richard Oram (University of Stirling), which drew out some of the challenges which face people and church buildings – looking to the past, present and future.  

    “The crisis in ecclesiastical churches often intersects with crises in our society in troubling ways” – Bess Rhodes 

    Building Networks 

    The symposium was valuable for the conversations that it sparked, and the coffee breaks and drinks reception were filled with lively conversations. We hope that many attendees have created important new connections that will continue beyond the event.  

    “It’s not just about the buildings; it’s about the people” – Richard Oram 

    Launching the Action Group 

    The symposium also marked the launch of the Action Group, a network for those interested in shaping the future of Scotland’s churches. The Action Group functions as a network of friendly experts, who can share their knowledge on different aspects of church heritage, and support congregations, communities and churches in times of transition.  

    “It’s hard to take a national approach when all of these buildings are unique” – Craig Stanford 

    We also unveiled our new project website, which will be a hub for updates, reflections and shared resources. We will be continually updating the website with project news, events and the forthcoming database.  

    Key Messages from the Day 

    The day left us with some important reminders:  

    • Material culture tells stories – The objects and fabric of churches reflect the lives, values and histories of communities 
    • Collaboration is essential – Sharing knowledge, data and approaches is vital for moving forward 
    • No two churches are alike – Each place of worship is unique and solutions must reflect that individuality 
    • People and buildings are inseparable – Heritage is not only about the buildings, but also memory, community and belonging 

    “The buildings belong to communities… these can be communities of place and global communities of interest” – Victoria Collison-Owen 

    Next Steps for Research in Action on Church Heritage 

    The symposium was just the beginning. Through upcoming fieldwork, contributions from our Action Group and working with communities, we will continue to explore how Scotland’s church heritage can be understood, valued and sustained for the future.  

    Thank you to all who joined us, whether in Edinburgh or online – we’re excited to continue our work and see where it takes us next! 

  • Planning Forward: Our Day at the Places of Worship Forum  

    Planning Forward: Our Day at the Places of Worship Forum  

    At the end of August, Lizzie, Helen and Emily joined colleagues from across Scotland at the Places of Worship Forum: Planning Forward Event – a chance to share ideas, learn from experiences and talk about the future of church heritage.  

    The event was hosted by Built Environment Scotland (BEFS) and brought together community groups, heritage organisations and researchers to discuss the challenges and opportunities facing Scotland’s places of worship. The day was designed for collaboration and honest conversation, in the fantastic space of The Pyramid at Anderston.  

    Photo of the Pyramid building, which is in the centre of the frame. The pointed roof of the building is green with four small windows at the bottom. The roof sits on a brown square building with white columns and panels at the windows. Next to this is a concrete square building. The sky takes up 2/3 of the frame and is mostly clouds with some blue. At the far left of the frame is a tree, coming to the height where the roof starts.
    The Pyramid at Anderston building

    The day began with short talks from key projects which have already begun to tackle some of the issues of closing churches. Alongside Craig Stanford (HES), Harry Whitmore (DTAS) and our own Lizzie Swarbrick and DJ Johnston-Smith presented on the ‘Research in Action on Church Heritage’ project, sharing our project aims with the group of attendees. Together, these talks gave a strategic overview of the sector and showed the different ways people are working towards sustainable solutions.  

    The interior of the pyramid. The roof comes to a point off centre, and is made of geometric shapes with white and black triangles. Around the walls of the room, and at the lower third of the image, are vertical windows which have yellow panes of glass.
    The impressive interior of the Pyramid at Anderston

    Before an excellent buffet lunch, we split into breakout groups to explore “common problems for unique buildings”. These thematic discussion groups explored issues such as:  

    • Changes of land use for church land and graveyards 
    • Challenges around materiality and interiors 
    • Ecclesiastical exemption  
    • Adapting of places of worship for new uses 

    Our project team divided ourselves across the groups so that we could be a part of as many conversations as possible. It was motivating to hear such a variety of perspectives and experiences come together around shared challenges.  

    Lizzie (in a black and white polka dot dress) stands behind a microphone off centre of the frame, with DJ (in a three piece green tweed suit) stands next to her with his hands behind his back. Behind them is the stage which faded red velvet curtains, and a screen behind their heads with a slide saying "research in action on church heritage" and image of a chandelier. At the foreground of the picture are the back of the heads of audience members - two women are either side. On the left is a lady with grey hair in an up do, with blue patterned shirt and on the right is lady with brown hair and a dark shirt.
    Lizzie and DJ introducing the project

    After lunch, these group sharing and blue-skying exercises were then effectively summarised by the breakout group facilitators, which led us into lively discussions amongst all the attendees about ways forward and potential collaborations.  

    For us, one of the most valuable parts of the day was meeting people who are directly involved in saving church heritage and supporting congregations through times of transition. These conversations are already shaping how we design our research, to ensure that it is useful in practice.  

    We’re excited to keep building these connections, and to continue the conversation at our own symposium on Thursday. Our event will focus more closely on the heritage features of churches, with lightning talks and round-table discussions. We’d love to see many of you there – for more information click here